Fikih Siyasah dan Stabilitas Negara: Studi Perbandingan antara Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah dan Pemikiran Negara Alija Izetbegović

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of state stability from the perspective of classical fiqh siyasah as formulated in Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah by Al-Mawardi and to compare it with the modern political thought of Alija Izetbegović. This research is motivated by the need to reconstruct the conceptual framework of state stability amid the transformation from the caliphate system to the modern nation-state, characterized by pluralism, democracy, and global complexity. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, applying a comparative analysis of two paradigms: the normative-institutional and the philosophical-humanistic. The findings reveal that Al-Mawardi views state stability as a product of political legitimacy, the enforcement of Islamic law, and institutional order centered on imāmah. Stability is structural in nature and maintained through formal mechanisms such as bay‘ah, political obedience, as well as protective and judicial functions. In contrast, Izetbegović emphasizes stability as a consequence of ethical consciousness, responsible freedom, and the moral integrity of individuals within society. In this perspective, stability is substantive and rooted in the human dimension. This study concludes that these two paradigms are not dichotomous but rather complementary. The integration of normative-institutional legitimacy and ethical-humanistic consciousness provides an ideal model for formulating state stability that is responsive to the challenges of modernity.